Jaret Usher talks to reporters this month after being named the director of a new Georgia Bureau of Investigation anti-gang task force, which is the state agency’s first anti-gang initiative. Usher, who is a former Cobb County prosecutor, will lead a team of two agents. Pictured with her is Gov. Brian Kemp and GBI Director Vic Reynolds.

ATLANTA — Adel is an agricultural community parked along Interstate 75 that regularly churns out a bounty of vegetables and other crops.

But on a recent Sunday morning, the small town that would rather be known for its daylilies became the setting for the type of violence Gov. Brian Kemp has highlighted as a statewide crisis.

About 300 people – some as young as 12 years old – were gathered at a venue for a post-prom party when about 100 shots were fired, killing an 18-year-old who had just finished his National Guard training and injuring at least two others.

Investigators have said the shooting appears to be gang related.

Known gang members were there, although investigators have not at this point connected the motive to gang activity, said Mark Pro, special agent in charge with the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. No one has been arrested as of late last week.

Meanwhile, a small South Georgia town is left grappling with its newfound association with potential gang violence.

“I think we’re going to end up seeing that it’s been a blessing and a curse,” said Chase Daughtrey, who is the Cook County probate judge.

“A curse because so many people were hurt and how tragic it was for those young people there who witnessed it,” he said. “The blessing’s going to be that I think it’s been a wake-up call to the community to say, ‘You know, we really have a big problem here that needs to be dealt with before it boils over.’”

Law enforcement and others say the problem is certainly not unique to Cook County.

“Gang activity is located throughout the whole state of Georgia,” Pro said. “It’s not just in larger cities. It’s everywhere.”

That includes towns smaller than even Adel, which was home to about 5,000 people as of the last count in 2010.

‘Sleepy South Georgia’

Data on gangs is difficult to come by, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation has not done an official count since 2011. The Georgia Gang Investigators Association tried to fill the void by polling local law enforcement early last year. The group tallied more than 71,000 gang members and associates in Georgia, which is a figure that includes prison inmates.

Kemp often cites the group’s findings – and local news reports – when pledging to “stop and dismantle” criminal street gangs.

“All you have to do is pick up your local paper, turn on the television or talk to your law enforcement in your local community,” Kemp said at a recent press conference. “It is a serious issue in our state – one that we cannot afford to ignore if we hope to be the best state in the nation to live, work, start a business and raise family.”

The survey identified nearly 1,600 active groups in Georgia, with local law enforcement reporting the presence of gang members in all but two counties in Georgia and in all but four school systems.

The association referred a request for local details to the original source. When contacted, some local law-enforcement agencies said they did not recall participating in the survey. The Lowndes County Sheriff’s Office and Thomasville Police Department provided their responses.

In Lowndes County, the sheriff’s office reported at least 300 active gang members and associates claiming affiliation to everything from Crips to Ghost Face Gangsters and Aryan Brotherhood, the latter being white supremacist prison gangs.

Lowndes County Sheriff Ashley Paulk attributed roughly two-thirds of all local crime to gangs. Auto thefts and break-ins appear to be the most common gang-related offenses, but he said a recent murder was also gang related.

“They make a lot of trouble,” Paulk said.

Paulk said his agency has recently started setting up roadblocks multiple times a week, with the initial one reaping a half dozen stolen firearms. He also convened a meeting with black pastors, counselors and others to enlist more people in the community to help tackle the issue. He said he wants to raise awareness about the issue.

“A lot of people still want to think that they don’t have to lock up their house or their cars,” Paulk said. “A lot of people still have the mentality that this is good ol’ sleepy, South Georgia.”

In Thomasville, the police department tallied as many as 200 gang members and associates operating in 18 gangs, although Detective Adam Lawson said the actual number of local gangs could be closer to 30.

Lawson said the gangs in Thomasville tend to be mostly drawn to burglaries, car break-ins and other thefts, but their activities do at times turn violent.

Lawson said he once charged a 12-year-old member of the Rollin’ 60 Crips with robbery, which he said highlights the need to start focusing on children before they even leave elementary school.

“It’s absolutely heart breaking,” he said. “You’re talking about a 12-year-old boy who, in every sense of the word, is just as dangerous as some 30-year-old convicted felon.”

Locals have a tendency to dismiss the gang members in Thomasville as “wannabes,” he said. But here’s his counterpoint: If they are behaving as a “real gang” would, then aren’t they a real gang?

“I think it’s just a way to distance small-town Thomasville from the problem,” Lawson said. “But they also don’t realize that that’s the very reason why gangs are coming into your rural areas – because of the lack of law-enforcement resources, the lack of education and the ease of access to a recruiting pool.”

Still, Lawson was not sounding any alarm bells.

“It’s definitely not a level where there needs to be a public alarm raised, where everyone needs to be looking over their shoulder wherever they go,” Lawson said. “But it’s just something you keep in the back of your mind the same you do that people break into houses so I need to lock my doors.”

‘A major issue’

Kemp, a first-term Republican governor, made a proposed crackdown on gangs and drug cartels a central part of his campaign, pledging to form a task force and fund a street gang database.

The database is still in the works, but Kemp announced earlier this month that he is moving forward with a task force under the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, making it the agency’s first anti-gang initiative. Lawmakers budgeted $500,000 for the effort this year.

“There’s a lot of law enforcement and prosecutors all across this state who are working hard on this issue every day,” Kemp said. “But they need some help. They need more resources. They need a state focused on this at times, and we’re going to provide that and send that message to these folks that they’d be better off doing this activity in another state besides Georgia.”

Former Cobb County prosecutor Jaret Usher, who prosecuted gang cases in metro Atlanta, will lead a team of two agents.

Usher said gang activity in Georgia had reached a “crisis” level and that it was time to respond in an unprecedented way.

“We want to increase warrants, we want to increase investigations, and we want to increase prosecutions and convictions,” she told reporters gathered for a press conference announcing her appointment.

GBI Director Vic Reynolds said a lot of local law-enforcement agencies have a tendency to “step over” gang cases in pursuit of more serious charges, such as armed robbery or homicide.

A conviction from Georgia’s gang law, which was beefed up nearly a decade ago in the midst of what was then considered a crisis, can add five to 20 years to a person’s prison sentence.

“This governor has made it very clear that he wants them pursued,” Reynolds said. “We’ll be pursuing them wherever we can find them in the future.”

But that tough-on-crime approach has also prompted some concern.

“With more people under correctional control than any other state, the answer to street gangs in Georgia cannot and should not be to further criminalize the communities impacted most by creating databases, increasing prosecutions and lengthening prison sentences,” Marissa Dodson, the public policy director for the Atlanta-based Southern Center for Human Rights, said in a statement.

Georgia had the highest rate of “correctional control,” according to a 2018 study from the Prison Policy Initiative, which also looked at people who were on probation and parole. The state topped the list because of a high probation rate.

“Instead, Georgia should focus on the societal barriers causing young Georgians to believe that being in a street gang is the only viable option and must invest the resources necessary to allow communities impacted by these issues to thrive,” Dodson said.

Rep. Dexter Sharper, a Democrat from Valdosta, said he hopes the renewed focus on gang violence is accompanied with an emphasis on prevention and early intervention. He called the $8.4 million in new state funding for mental health counselors in Georgia’s high schools a good start.

“We need to get them before they want to be a part of a gang,” he said.

When that is not possible, Peter Skandalakis said he believes the enhanced focus on gangs could at least cause young recruits to rethink their decision, possibly through a probated sentence.

Skandalakis is the head of the Prosecuting Attorneys’ Council of Georgia, which has been training local investigators and prosecutors on how to go the extra step in proving a crime was gang-related.

But Skandalakis noted a clear difference between violent gang members and those he referred to as lower-level “tagalongs.”

“When you talk about gang activity, you’re really talking about violent offenders committing violent crimes that impact the public safety of all of us. And those are the ones that prosecutors want to focus on,” he said.

“Criminal justice reform is for those individuals that we can save, but we have some violent criminals that we need to separate from society for a time being and maybe – maybe – turn them around as well,” he said.

Jill Nolin covers the Georgia Statehouse for The Valdosta Daily Times, CNHI’s newspapers and websites.

Tift County Gang Activity Steady

Tifton Police Department Detective Joey Woods spent 30 years with the Tift County Sheriff’s Office and is the area’s authority on gangs.

Woods said that the amount of gang activity has remained steady over the years.

In 1998 Woods was the founding president of the Georgia Gang Investigators Association, but he said he has been dealing with gangs in the area since 1992.

“In March of 1993 we had a murder at a park,” he said. “It was two local gangs that were fighting. The kid that got killed wasn’t actually in either one, he just hung out with them. He got hit in the back of the head with a baseball bat and killed.”

He said that after that, he went to Houston, Texas and Los Angelas and got training on how to deal with gangs.

“It was great training, but my local gangs didn’t go out there so they didn’t know how they were supposed to do it,” he said.

He said that the gang activity in Tifton/Tift County are very different from the ones in larger cities.

They are mostly hybrid or self-styled gangs. In Georgia, gangs are not as turf-driven as traditional gangs, and members will go from gang to gang, depending on where the member lives and works.

“We’ve never had an overabundance of gang members, like Atlanta or Los Angeles does,” he said.

Woods estimates there are approximately 100 active gang members in the Tift area and that gangs have been active in the area since the early 90s.

“Since all the kids go to the same school they’re not as turf-driven,” Woods said. “You might have a Blood and you might have a Crip down the road. The county’s not as big, and you’ve got to go where they tell you.”

Many of the kids that were or are in gangs were in school, anywhere from 13 to 20 or 30 years old.

“Most of them, when they get into their late 20s or 30s, a lot of the time they won’t be in it anymore,” he said. “Some do, it depends on the gang.”

He said that some of the gangs, particularly Sur 13, would target kids as young as eight because they were smaller and could fit through tiny windows to unlock doors for burglaries.

“I did have an eight-year-old kid get assaulted one time because he would not climb through a window for one of the street gangs,” he said.

Woods said that the local gangs aren’t racial or ethnic gangs.

“They mix now,” he said. “There’s not really a white gang or a black gang, a Hispanic gang or a non-Hispanic gang. They’ll mix and they’re all different socio-economic levels. I’ve had richer kids and poorer kids in it.”

At the height of the gang activity in Tift County, Woods said there were approximately 10 to 14 active gangs.

“Now we’ve got Bloods, Crips, Gangster Disciples, Norte 14, Sur 13, the Vicelords,” he said.

Ghostface Gangsters, which used to be Aryan Nation, is active in Georgia, but not necessarily in Tift County.

Woods said that street gangs aren’t as starkly divided along racial lines as prison gangs.

Woods said that there are females that get into gangs and that there have been female gangs in Tift County at one point, but he said that they are not around anymore as far as he is aware.

Membership varies, according to Woods.

The legal definition of a gang has two key parts: there have to be at least three people, and the group has to be involved in criminal activity.

“You have to actually commit a crime to be a gang member,” Woods said. “If they’re claiming to be a gang, they’ve got to be committing crimes. If they’re not committing crimes, they just dress funny and talk stupid.”

Woods said that he has seen gangs with as few as three members or as many as 30 in the area.

“A lot of it has to do with leadership,” he said. “If you target the leadership, a lot of times they end up dissolving because they have infighting and start another gang.”

Woods said that this area also has what he called septs: gangs that call themselves by a name or associate with another gang, but don’t give or receive money from any national organization

Woods said that there is no dedicated gang task force or individual that tracks statistics, so any guess about what percentage of local crime is gang motivated is just that: a guess.

“Most of what our gangs do is sell drugs,” he said. “That’s the big thing.”

He said that getting correct statistics is difficult without someone to dig into the motivations for crimes.

“You’ve got to get someone who has time to look through and see if this robbery is done for the gang or is it done because they wanted money,” he said.

Woods cited an armed robbery committed by a long-time, hard-core gang member. It wasn’t charged as gang activity because the person committed it because he was hungry and wanted something to eat, not for the gang.

Woods said that gangs will commit robberies depending on their money situation, but that they prefer burglaries or entering autos because they’re looking for guns to sell. Battery and assaults happen because of what Woods called “beat-ins,” an initiation activity that doubles as a warning to follow the rules to new members. Aggravated assaults, which Woods said includes drive-by shootings, happen as well.

Woods said that getting kids out of gangs will take more than arrests.

“If you want to get these kids out of gangs, you’ve got to offer them alternatives,” he said. “You’ve got kids that grew up in neighborhoods and that’s all they’ve known. Now you’ve got kids whose fathers were in the gang. If you want to get them out, you’re going to have to give them an alternative. You’ve got to council them, and it’s going to be a gradual process.”

“You’ve got to have the prosecution part so the kids know it’s not a game,” Woods said. “But you’ve also got to have resources for them when they want to get out, someone they can go and talk to and get help so they won’t be accused of snitching.”